Retraction Policy

Articles published in Journal Marine Services may be subject to retraction under the following circumstances:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether due to significant errors (such as miscalculations or experimental mistakes) or due to fabrication (e.g., falsifying data) or falsification (e.g., manipulating images).
• The article constitutes plagiarism.
• The findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper attribution, disclosure to the editor, permission for republication, or valid justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication).
• The article contains material or data used without appropriate authorization.
• Copyright has been violated, or there are other serious legal issues (e.g., libel or privacy concerns).
• The article reports unethical research practices.
• The publication resulted from a compromised or manipulated peer review process.
• The author(s) failed to disclose a significant conflict of interest that, in the editor’s opinion, could have influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations made by editors and peer reviewers.

The retraction process follows the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which are available at https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines.