Analisis yuridis dan tanggung jawab hukum atas kelalaian survey kelaikan kapal: Studi kasus pada pelayaran nasional
Politeknik Bumi Akpelni
Politeknik Bumi Akpelni
Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Banten
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62391/ejmi.v7i2.170Kelalaian dalam pelaksanaan survei kelaikan kapal merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan laut di pelayaran nasional. Dalam praktiknya, lemahnya pengawasan dan belum optimalnya pertanggungjawaban hukum terhadap surveyor dan lembaga klasifikasi menyebabkan kapal yang tidak memenuhi standar teknis dan keselamatan tetap dinyatakan layak laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk tanggung jawab hukum atas kelalaian dalam survei kelaikan kapal serta menilai efektivitas mekanisme hukum yang berlaku dalam menjamin keselamatan pelayaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelalaian dalam survei kelaikan kapal dapat menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum perdata, pidana, dan administratif. Namun demikian, pengaturan mengenai akuntabilitas personal surveyor dan lembaga survei independen masih belum diatur secara tegas dan komprehensif dalam hukum nasional. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan fungsi pengawasan, serta harmonisasi hukum nasional dengan standar internasional guna meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan menjamin keselamatan pelayaran.
Negligence in the conduct of ship seaworthiness surveys is a significant factor contributing to maritime accidents in national shipping. In practice, weak supervision and inadequate legal accountability of surveyors and classification bodies allow vessels that fail to meet technical and safety standards to be declared seaworthy. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal liability arising from negligence in ship seaworthiness surveys and to assess the effectiveness of existing legal mechanisms in ensuring maritime safety. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that negligence in seaworthiness surveys may result in civil, criminal, and administrative liability. However, the legal framework governing the personal accountability of surveyors and independent survey institutions remains insufficient and lacks clarity. This study recommends strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing national laws with international maritime standards to improve accountability and ensure maritime safety.
Keywords: Tanggung jawab hukum kelaikan kapal kelalaian survei kapal keselamatan pelayaran
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