Insiden tubrukan kapal masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan serius dalam keselamatan pelayaran, khususnya pada perairan sempit dan area labuh jangkar dengan lalu lintas padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya tubrukan KM Leuser saat proses olah gerak labuh jangkar di Teluk Lamong, Surabaya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data primer berupa wawancara dengan nakhoda dan awak kapal serta observasi langsung, dan data sekunder berupa dokumen, berita acara, serta literatur terkait keselamatan pelayaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insiden tubrukan dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor utama, yaitu faktor alam berupa arus dan angin kencang, serta faktor human error yang meliputi perencanaan pelayaran yang kurang optimal dan pengambilan keputusan saat olah gerak. Selain itu, kondisi kepadatan area labuh jangkar turut memperbesar risiko terjadinya tubrukan beruntun. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya perencanaan olah gerak yang matang, peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, serta koordinasi yang efektif dengan pihak terkait untuk meminimalkan risiko kecelakaan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi dan referensi dalam upaya peningkatan keselamatan pelayaran, khususnya pada proses labuh jangkar di perairan sempit.

Ship collision incidents remain a critical issue in maritime safety, particularly in narrow waters and congested anchorage areas. This study aims to analyze the contributing factors to the collision involving KM Leuser during anchoring maneuver operations in Lamong Bay, Surabaya. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing primary data obtained through structured interviews with the ship’s master and crew, as well as direct onboard and situational observations. Secondary data were collected from official incident reports, logbooks, regulatory documents, and relevant maritime safety literature. The findings reveal that the collision was primarily influenced by two major factors: environmental conditions, notably strong currents and high wind intensity, and human factors, including suboptimal voyage planning and inadequate decision-making during maneuvering operations. Additionally, high traffic density within the anchorage area significantly increased the likelihood of chain-reaction collisions. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive maneuvering and anchoring planning, enhancement of seafarers’ competence, and effective coordination with port authorities and related stakeholders. The results are expected to provide practical insights for improving navigational safety and risk mitigation during anchoring operations in narrow and congested waters.